Summary about Disease
Hip dysplasia is a condition where the hip joint doesn't form properly. The ball and socket of the hip don't fit together snugly, which can lead to instability, pain, and eventual arthritis. It can range from mild instability to complete dislocation of the hip. It is more common in babies, but can also develop later in life.
Symptoms
Symptoms vary based on age.
Infants: Uneven leg lengths, asymmetry in the thigh or buttock creases, limited hip movement, or a clicking sound in the hip when moving the legs.
Older children and adults: Groin pain, limping, feeling of the hip "giving way," stiffness, decreased range of motion, and pain that worsens with activity.
Causes
The exact cause is often unknown, but several factors can contribute:
Genetic predisposition: Family history increases the risk.
Breech position during pregnancy: Limited space in the womb can affect hip development.
Swaddling practices: Incorrect swaddling (legs straight and tightly together) can contribute.
Hormonal factors: Relaxin (a hormone released during pregnancy) can loosen ligaments.
Environmental factors: Factors such as oligohydramnios (low amniotic fluid) might play a role.
Medicine Used
Medications primarily manage pain and inflammation:
Pain relievers: Over-the-counter medications like acetaminophen or ibuprofen.
NSAIDs (Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs): Prescription NSAIDs for stronger pain relief and to reduce inflammation.
Corticosteroid injections: Injections into the hip joint to reduce inflammation (used more for adults). This list does not contain any surgical interventions or medical devices such as a Pavlik harness, spica cast, etc.
Is Communicable
No, hip dysplasia is not communicable. It is not caused by an infection and cannot be spread from person to person.
Precautions
Proper swaddling: Ensure the baby's legs can move freely in a frog-like position.
Early screening: Newborns should be screened for hip instability during routine checkups.
Maintain a healthy weight: Excess weight can put additional stress on the hip joint, especially in those prone to the condition.
Avoid activities that worsen pain: Modify activities to minimize stress on the hip joint.
How long does an outbreak last?
Hip dysplasia is not an outbreak and thus does not apply. It is a congenital or developmental condition, rather than an infectious disease.
How is it diagnosed?
Physical exam: A doctor will assess hip range of motion and look for signs of instability.
Ultrasound: Used for infants up to 6 months old to visualize the hip cartilage and joint.
X-rays: Used for older children and adults to see the bony structures of the hip.
Timeline of Symptoms
Infancy: Symptoms may be present at birth or develop within the first few months.
Childhood: Symptoms may not be noticeable until the child starts walking or engaging in more strenuous activities.
Adulthood: Symptoms may develop gradually over time due to wear and tear on the joint, leading to arthritis.
Important Considerations
Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent long-term complications.
Treatment options vary depending on the severity of the condition and the patient's age.
Living with hip dysplasia may require lifestyle adjustments to manage pain and prevent further joint damage.
Hip dysplasia can lead to the need for hip replacement surgery later in life.